本书为公版书，为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品，供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。

亚当·弗格森(Adam Ferguson , 1723 - 1816) 是18 世纪苏格兰启蒙运动的主要思想家之一。18 世纪, 在法国启蒙运动发生的同时, 英伦北部的苏格兰有着另一场启蒙运动, 他们倡导的原则与法国思想有着很大的区别, 具体表现在: 他们几乎一致反对自然状态说和社会契约论, 对理性普遍采取低调态度或者有着不同的解释, 强调情感的力量, 并从英国传统的经验主义出发, 对社会变迁的原因和规律、对商业文明所面临的新问题进行了探索和解释。其中著名的思想家有大卫·休谟、亚当·斯密等等, 在他们当中, 亚当·弗格森对新兴的商业文明进行了颇有先见的批判, 使他与休谟和斯密对近代商业文明的乐观主义相区别开来, 也意味着弗格森的社会思想与苏格兰启蒙运动学术主流相左。

Nearly twenty-five hundred years ago the Greek thinker Heraclitus supposedly uttered the cryptic words 'Phusis kruptesthai philei.' How the aphorism, usually translated as 'Nature loves to hide,' has haunted Western culture ever since is the subject of this engaging study by Pierre Hadot. Taking the allegorical figure of the veiled goddess Isis as a guide, and drawing on the wo...(展开全部)

Nearly twenty-five hundred years ago the Greek thinker Heraclitus supposedly uttered the cryptic words "Phusis kruptesthai philei." How the aphorism, usually translated as "Nature loves to hide," has haunted Western culture ever since is the subject of this engaging study by Pierre Hadot. Taking the allegorical figure of the veiled goddess Isis as a guide, and drawing on the wo...(展开全部)

托马斯·罗伯特·马尔萨斯（1766—1834），英国经济学家，牧师，著名学者，主要研究领域为政治经济学和人口学。《人口原理》是他最重要的著作，对后世产生了重大影响。他在书中提出了重要的人口过剩问题，并预言，人口增长率是不可维持的，持续的人口增长最终会导致贫困。尽管本书引起了很大的争议，但其无疑是十八至十九世纪最重要的著作之一，影响深远，甚至达尔文和他的自然选择理论都受到其影响。

【作者简介】 以赛亚·伯林（Isaiah Berlin），英国哲学家、观念史学家，曾任牛津大学社会与政治理论教授、沃弗森学院院长，代表作有《自由及其背叛》《浪漫主义的根源》《现实感》等。 ----- 【编者简介】 亨利·哈迪（Henry Hardy），牛津大学沃弗森学院研究员，以赛亚·伯林的文学遗产受托人之一。 ----- 【译者简介】 唐建清，南京大学文学院退休教师，主要文学批评译著有《独抒己见》《莎士比亚的自由》《莎士比亚：欲望之火》《文学批评的革命者：五位改变我们阅读方式的批评家》《天才群星闪耀：1922 现代主义元年》等。

'The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing.' This fragment of Archilochus, which gives this book its title, describes the central thesis of Isaiah Berlin's masterly essay on Tolstoy. There have been various interpretations of Archilochus' fragment; Isaiah Berlin has simply used it, without implying anything about the true meaning of the words, to outline a...(展开全部)

"The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing." This fragment of verse by the Greek poet Archilochus describes the central thesis of Isaiah Berlin's masterly essay on Tolstoy, in which he underlines a fundamental distinction between those people (foxes) who are fascinated by the infinite variety of things and those (hedgehogs) who relate everything to a centr...(展开全部)

“The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing.” This ancient Greek aphorism, preserved in a fragment from the poet Archilochus, describes the central thesis of Isaiah Berlin’s masterly essay on Leo Tolstoy and the philosophy of history, the subject of the epilogue to War and Peace. Although there have been many interpretations of the adage, Berlin uses it to ...(展开全部)

“The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing.” This ancient Greek aphorism, preserved in a fragment from the poet Archilochus, describes the central thesis of Isaiah Berlin’s masterly essay on Leo Tolstoy and the philosophy of history, the subject of the epilogue to War and Peace. Although there have been many interpretations of the adage, Berlin uses it to ...(展开全部)